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Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Santalum

‘iliahi [iliahi], Haleakala sandalwood, lā‘au ala, sandalwood

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small trees, evergreen, single or multiple stems; 1–8 m tall. Apparently hemiparasitic on roots of other plants.

Stems: Older trees readily spread vegetatively via root sprouts when surface roots are exposed or damaged, sometimes forming small stands.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades broadly ovate, elliptic, to orbicular, (2.2–)2.9–5.1(–6.5) cm long × (1.2–)1.8–3.1(–4.0) cm wide. Apex acute or obtuse (rarely acuminate). Base cuneate. More glaucous Lower surfacely, surfaces paler Lower surfacely, olive to dark green; blades thickly coriaceous. Margins flat to slightly recurved. Leaf lateral veins apparent on abaxial surface (to not apparent in thick leaves). Petioles (1.2–) 2.0–7.4 (–11.6) mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences dense to dense, terminal (rarely axillary). Flowers bisexual (perfect), weakly fragrant, reddish to cream-colored in bud, longer than wide, in congested, terminal, compound cymes, rarely with a few additional axillary flower clusters, pedicels 2–4 mm long, bracts persistent until flowering. Pedicels (0.7–)1.0–3.2(–4.4) mm long; bracts 5 mm long, persistent. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla of 4 (rarely 5) petals; petals deep pink to red throughout, or with white to pink interiors; floral–tubes (2.0–)3.9–8.5(–10.0) mm long × (2.0–)2.2–3.4(–3.5) mm wide, campanulate to cylindrical, without vertical keel below each corolla lobe; disk lobes lingulate, apices acute or round; concave with thickened margins, papillate, lobes (2.7–)3.1–5.7–(7.1) mm long × (1.9–)2.1–3.3(–4.0) mm wide. Stamens 4, hairs proximal to the filaments (rarely hairs distal). Ovary partly inferior (approx. ⅔); drupe elliptic, with subapical ring; stigma lobes 3.

Fruit: Drupes black or purplish black at maturity; 9–14 mm long; with a subapical receptacular ring. Seeds muricate; with pointed beak on one end.

Ploidy:

Habitat: In subalpine and montane mesic forest plant communities.

Elevation Range: 1,800–2,700 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1222 (EM [as S. haleakalae]); Harbaugh et al. 2010:833 (now var. haleakalae with addition of S. haleakalae var. lanaiense, KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Fogswept open woods. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3698 Maui BISH 1927-08-20
2 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry scrubland, dominants-Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sophora S. of head of Halemauu Trail Preserved_Specimen 2 m., flowers red Higashino, P.K. 673 Maui BISH 1975-06-13
3 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On rocky outcrop. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 748 Maui BISH 1976-06-24
4 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cinder/ash substrate. Vegetation: Sophora, Dodonaea, Rubus, Osteomeles, Dryopteris, Dubautia, Bidens, Carex, Luzula, Pellaea, Asplenium, Polypodium, Cirisum, Lythrum, Senecio, Holcus, Hypochoeris, Bidens pilosa. Preserved_Specimen Scattered upright shrubs to 2 metrs tall, many branched. Oppenheimer, H.L. 40928 Maui BISH 2009-04-22
5 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry scrubland; dominants: Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sophora. 50 yds. downslope of trail, 0.5 mi. from trailhead, growing with Holcus lanatus and Styphelia. Preserved_Specimen Plant 2 m. tall, in flower and fruit. Higashino, P.K. 665 Maui BISH 1975-06-13
6 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Parkland with Sophora, Santalum, Styphelia, et al. Preserved_Specimen Tree 3-4 m. high, gnarled, with rounded crown; flowers dark red without, creamy white within. Taken from 2 plants. Webster, G.L. 13875 Maui BISH 1968-06-24
7 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open pasture with scattered remnants of shrub or forest with Vaccinium, Styphelia, Coprosma Preserved_Specimen tree 4 m. diameter of trunk at base 17 cm, bark gray, longitudinally fissured, leaves shining green above, bluish glaucous beneath, young fruit green. Stauffer, H.U. 5884 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
8 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details High elevation open scrub (Pukiawe, Mamane, Pilo, grass and bare cinder Preserved_Specimen Three mature trees (20 ft tall, full crowned) Many small trees 4-8 ft. (sprouts following 1953 fire). Flowers fragrant. Hobdy, R.W. Maui BISH 1975-07-28
9 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Coprosma, Sophora, Pteridium, Styphelia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 12 ft. tall; fls. dark purple-red, inner petals yellow-white, turning red with age Henrickson, J.S. 3856 Maui BISH 1969-07-13
10 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details There is a stand of trees and much sucker regeneration. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 737 Maui BISH 1975-06-21
11 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Dubautia, Perrottetia, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Rubus, Sadleria, Diplazium, Sthyrium, Dryopteris, Pipturus, Uncinia, Carex, Peperomia, Pneumatopteris, Asplenium, Elaphoglossum, Coniogramme, Melicope, Lysimachia, Pteris, Pseudophegopteris. Preserved_Specimen Single tree in this location, 5 meters tall, others observed scattered in this area. Oppenheimer, H.L. 40936 Maui BISH 2009-04-30
12 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aa-lava with shrubby vegetation on roadside. Preserved_Specimen tree 4 m. diameter of truck at base 18 cm, bark gray, longitudinally fissured, flowers long, somewhat fragrant, tepals light cream-coloured in anthesis, red later Stauffer, H.U. 5884 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
13 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aa-lava with scattered scrubs and trees Preserved_Specimen Tree 3.5m, diameter of truck at base 18 cm. many young shoots from lateral roots, leaves shining green above, blushish glaucous beneath, unripe fruits green first, red later, ripe fruits violet black, glaucous; few trees only. Stauffer, H.U. 5885 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
14 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen tree 4 x 8 cm. leaves thick, glacucous pale green especially perianth red urthant, yellow within St.John, H. 21220 Maui BISH 1945-08-28
15 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details grassy slope with shrubs and scattered trees. Preserved_Specimen tree to 7 m. diameter of truck at base to 30 cm, leaves shining dark green agove, gluish glaucous beneath, flowers fragrant, receptable gree in anthesis, red later, tepals cream-coloured in anthesis, dark red later, ripe fruit glaucous bluish black Stauffer, H.U. 5887 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
16 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Styphelia, Dubautia menziesii, Geranium cuneatum, Sophora, Dodonaea; rocky scrub Preserved_Specimen 3x5 m shrub, broad top; calyx pink-rose, leaves yellow-green Wallace, G.D. 2630 Maui BISH 1987-01-31
17 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Coprosma, Sophora, Pteridium, Styphelia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 12 ft. tall; fls. dark purple-red, inner petals yellow-white, turning red with age Henrickson, J.S. 3856 Maui BISH 1969-07-13
18 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sophora chrysophylla sub-alpine shrub. W/Leptecophylla, Dodonaea, Santalum haleakalae, Coprosma ernodeoides, C. montana, Bidens micrantha kalealaha, Asplenium trichomanes, A. adiantum-nigrum, Luzula hawaiiensis, Osteomeles, Deschampsia nu Preserved_Specimen Trees, 3-7 m tall, stems brown-red, leaves medium green above, pale green below, corolla purple-red externally, white-cream inner lobes, mature fruit purple, rat predation observed, group of 5 trees, estimated 20 trees seen in 90,000 sq m area Wood, K.R. 13704 Maui BISH 2009-04-22
19 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen single tree, ripe fruit purplish-black; pulp greenish Degener, O. 3699 Maui BISH 1927-07-27
20 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Basal diameter about 10 inches, height about 12 feet Stemmermann, R.L. 734 Maui BISH 1975-06-17
21 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen large, broad tree; flowers reddish; leaves dark. Alexander, A.M. 5290 Maui BISH 1947-04-01
22 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen single tree, ripe fruit purplish-black; pulp greenish Degener, O. 3699 Maui BISH 1927-07-27
23 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Small tree (about 12ft tall) heavuly covered with lichens. Calyx deep rose without, caream-colored within. Herbst, D.R. 802 Maui BISH 1967-12-19
24 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Unhealthy tree. Basal diameter about 6 inches, height about 12 ft. Stemmermann, R.L. 733 Maui BISH 1975-06-17
25 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen small tree 20 ft high; perianth dull red, Ivory to pink inside Henrickson, J.S. 3736 Maui BISH 1969-06-26
26 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aa and cinder substrate. Preserved_Specimen Large tree with basal diameter ca. 30 cm. Stemmermann, R.L. 750 Maui BISH 1976-06-24
27 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 396 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
28 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Red flowers Gillett, G.W. 2030 Maui BISH 1966-11-26
29 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gehring, P. 3007 Maui BISH 1966-01-16
30 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cooke, D. Maui BISH 1929-09-10
31 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 301 Maui BISH 1900-08-01
32 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1130 Maui BISH 1919-08-14
33 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1897 Maui BISH 1920-03-08
34 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1090 Maui BISH 1919-08-08
35 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 735 Maui BISH 1975-06-17
36 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3696 Maui BISH 1927-08-09
37 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3698 Maui BISH 1927-08-20
38 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1140 Maui BISH 1967-05-14
39 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 70 Maui BISH 1922-10-17
40 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1985 Maui BISH 1960-03-16
41 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2364 Maui BISH 1920-05-14
42 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2277 Maui BISH 1927-08-11
43 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5299 Maui BISH 1927-06-15
44 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 396 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
45 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3697 Maui BISH 1927-08-15
46 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 984 Maui BISH 1919-07-31
47 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5304 Maui BISH 1927-08-16
48 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8588 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
49 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3697 Maui BISH 1927-08-15
50 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stonedahl, G.M. Maui BISH 1984-03-04
51 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kelly, M. Maui BISH 1962-07-01
52 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH 1872-05-01
53 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. Maui BISH 1909-01-01
54 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Maui BISH 1913-01-01
55 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Judd, A.F. Maui BISH 1935-12-14
56 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 749 Maui BISH 1976-06-24
57 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 301 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
58 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9026 Maui BISH 1928-01-20
59 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub-matted fern understory. Preserved_Specimen Small tree, 3-4 m tall; several trees together. Stemmermann, L. 3954 Molokai BISH 1979-06-26
60 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details At tree line. Preserved_Specimen Young tree 6 m. x 5 cm. (one seen 2 dm. diam.); leaves thick, above yellowish green, below glaucous; buds red, perianth within yellow. St.John, H. 21307 Maui BISH 1945-09-04
61 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aa-lava with shrubby vegetation, few trees Preserved_Specimen tree, leaves dull green but not glaucous above, glaugous beneath, tepals whitis in anthesis, red later, flowers with almost no fragrance; Stauffer, H.U. 5884 Maui BISH 1964-04-17
62 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rocky slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Tree 20 ft tall St.John, H. 10345 Maui BISH 1930-02-15
63 Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In a Styphelia-Holcus community; many pine trees in area. Preserved_Specimen 5-6 ft. tall. Takeuchi, W.N. 7 Maui BISH 1983-08-22
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